It connects an intraperitoneal organ to (usually) the posterior abdominal wall.
MesenteryĪ mesentery is double layer of visceral peritoneum. In order to adequately fulfil its functions, the peritoneum develops into a highly folded, complex structure and a number of terms are used to describe the folds and spaces that are part of the peritoneum. The peritoneum covers nearly all viscera within the gut and conveys neurovascular structures from the body wall to intraperitoneal viscera. C = Colon (ascending and descending parts).D = Duodenum (except the proximal 2cm, the duodenal cap).Examples of secondarily retroperitoneal organs include the ascending and descending colon.Ī useful mnemonic to help in recalling which abdominal viscera are retroperitoneal is SAD PUCKER: Thus, in adults, only their anterior surface is covered with peritoneum. Through the course of embryogenesis, they became retroperitoneal as their mesentery fused with the posterior abdominal wall. Secondarily retroperitoneal organs were initially intraperitoneal, suspended by mesentery.The oesophagus, rectum and kidneys are all primarily retroperitoneal. Primarily retroperitoneal organs developed and remain outside of the parietal peritoneum.They can be further subdivided into two groups based on their embryological development: Retroperitoneal organs are not associated with visceral peritoneum they are only covered in parietal peritoneum, and that peritoneum only covers their anterior surface. Examples include the stomach, liver and spleen. Intraperitoneal organs are enveloped by visceral peritoneum, which covers the organ both anteriorly and posteriorly. There are two main groups: intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs. The abdominal viscera can be divided anatomically by their relationship to the peritoneum.
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Pain from the visceral peritoneum is referred to areas of skin ( dermatomes) which are supplied by the same sensory ganglia and spinal cord segments as the nerve fibres innervating the viscera. Unlike the parietal peritoneum, pain from the visceral peritoneum is poorly localised and the visceral peritoneum is only sensitive to stretch and chemical irritation. The visceral peritoneum has the same autonomic nerve supply as the viscera it covers.
It is derived from splanchnic mesoderm in the embryo.
The visceral peritoneum invaginates to cover the majority of the abdominal viscera. It receives the same somatic nerve supply as the region of the abdominal wall that it lines therefore, pain from the parietal peritoneum is well localised. Parietal peritoneum is sensitive to pressure, pain, laceration and temperature. It is derived from somatic mesoderm in the embryo. The parietal peritoneum lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall. Both types are made up of simple squamous epithelial cells called mesothelium. When using a search engine such as Google, Bing or Yahoo check the safe search settings where you can exclude adult content sites from your search results Īsk your internet service provider if they offer additional filters īe responsible, know what your children are doing online.The peritoneum consists of two layers that are continuous with each other: the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum. Use family filters of your operating systems and/or browsers Other steps you can take to protect your children are: More information about the RTA Label and compatible services can be found here. Parental tools that are compatible with the RTA label will block access to this site. We use the "Restricted To Adults" (RTA) website label to better enable parental filtering. Protect your children from adult content and block access to this site by using parental controls. PARENTS, PLEASE BE ADVISED: If you are a parent, it is your responsibility to keep any age-restricted content from being displayed to your children or wards. Furthermore, you represent and warrant that you will not allow any minor access to this site or services. This website should only be accessed if you are at least 18 years old or of legal age to view such material in your local jurisdiction, whichever is greater. You are about to enter a website that contains explicit material (pornography).
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